Category Archives: Wildlife & Plants

Why Is That Leaf Red in July?

Wildlife & Plants, ,

A Nature of Things Reflection Inspired by a Simple Walk and a Thoughtful Question

It was still hot and sticky well into the evening as Theresa and I took our usual walk down the road near our home. Most of the plants lining the ditches and field edges looked about how you’d expect them to look in mid-July—lush, green, and thriving. But every so often, we noticed something odd.

One leaf here. Another there.

Bright red. Not faded or diseased. Just red—like it had skipped ahead a few months and landed straight in autumn.

Theresa pointed to one of them and asked, “Why would just one leaf turn red this early?”

It was a fair question, and I had to admit I didn’t really know. I guessed it might be heat stress, but it seemed strange that only one leaf on the whole plant would be affected.

So, I did what any curious naturalist does when nature throws out a question mid-walk—I made a mental note, snapped a few pictures, and looked it up when we got home.

The Answer Is… Complicated, But Interesting

Turns out, red leaves in summer—especially when it’s just one or two on an otherwise green plant—are often signs of localized stress. That could mean drought stress, root injury, insect damage, or even a fungal infection affecting a small part of the plant.

But why red?

That’s due to anthocyanins—the same pigments responsible for the reds and purples of fall. When a leaf starts to shut down due to stress or damage, it may produce these pigments as a sort of protection, shielding the leaf from intense sunlight or helping manage internal chemical stress.

In other words, that red leaf might be waving a little flag that says, “Something’s not quite right here, but I’m trying to cope.”

A Bigger Lesson in a Small Leaf

As we finished our walk, I thought about how many times I’ve either not asked a question like that or let one float away unanswered. And it reminded me of something I’ve come to believe: you don’t have to have all the answers in the moment to learn from nature.

Sometimes it’s enough to notice, take a picture, wonder a little, and look it up later. That curiosity—sparked by something as small as a red leaf—is how you begin to understand a landscape more deeply.

So, next time you see something unusual—an odd color, a strange sound, a curious behavior—don’t worry if you can’t name it right away.

Let it sit with you. Bring it home. Ask someone. Search it out. And maybe even write about it.

That’s the nature of things.

🐦 Have you ever noticed one red leaf on a green plant in summer? I’d love to hear your thoughts—or see your photos—in the comments. And if you enjoy these kinds of simple observations with deeper meaning, consider subscribing my Nature of Things newsletter on Substack.

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Heath Dairy Farm: A Living Legacy with New Potential

Communities, ecosystems, Farming, soil health, Wildlife & Plants, , , ,

By Ron Dodson
The Nature of Things

Several weeks ago, I had the pleasure of meeting with Lauren Axford, the Open Space Coordinator for the Town of Bethlehem, New York. The purpose of our meeting was to discuss a project that I believe has enormous potential—not only for our town but as a model that other communities could replicate. That project is the Heath Dairy Farm initiative, a town-led effort to preserve and reimagine one of Bethlehem’s most iconic agricultural properties.

You can learn more about the project here: https://www.historicheathfarm.com

What drew me to the Heath Dairy Project wasn’t just the scenic beauty or the historical significance of the property—although both are impressive. It was the idea that this land could serve as a foundation for a new kind of agricultural planning, one that blends conservation landscape management with local food production. It struck me that this was exactly the kind of opportunity we need more of—an intersection of environmental stewardship, local economic development, and community sustainability.

Our conversation was not only productive, it was personal. When my family and I first moved to Bethlehem, the very first home we rented was on land that had once been part of the Heath Dairy Farm. The home was owned by the daughter of the farm’s longtime owner. So, in many ways, I’ve had a direct connection to this land since the day I arrived. That connection gives added meaning to my interest in helping guide its next chapter.

During our meeting, I shared a bit about my background and my long-standing work in environmental and agricultural planning. I also gave Lauren a copy of a book I wrote several years ago about the American legacy of family farming. Our shared values made it clear to me that there is real potential for meaningful collaboration on this project.

After the meeting, Lauren followed up with a kind message and introduced me to another person who is actively involved in shaping the next steps for the Heath Dairy Project. I look forward to meeting them soon and learning more about the town’s vision.

As part of this dialogue, I also plan to introduce an initiative I’ve been developing called F.A.R.M.S., which stands for Food and Resource Management Sustainability. This framework emphasizes the importance of keeping local food systems economically viable while embedding conservation into the fabric of working landscapes. It’s a concept that I believe could align perfectly with the goals of the Heath Dairy Project.

I’m excited about what’s ahead and look forward to offering any volunteer support I can to help make this project a true example of what conservation-minded community development can look like. Projects like this remind us that the best way to honor the past is to build a future that holds true to the values that came before—land, food, family, and community.

The Big Beautiful Bill? Or a Blueprint for Undermining What Really Matters?

Wildlife & Plants

What if a piece of legislation, wrapped in patriotic language and promises of tax relief, was quietly dismantling the very foundations of democracy, community, and environmental stewardship?

That’s exactly what many of us believe is happening with the “One Big Beautiful Bill” (H.R. 1), passed by the House this May. It’s been called beautiful. Bold. Even historic. But let’s be honest—when you peel back the layers, this bill is a full-scale blueprint for weakening the role of local communities, eroding environmental protections, and concentrating power in ways that run counter to everything I’ve spent my life advocating for.

1. It Rolls Back Environmental Progress

This bill guts clean energy programs and pours billions into fossil fuel exploration. It undermines climate resilience and cancels out incentives that helped communities transition toward sustainable practices. Conservation entrepreneurs, like myself and many of you reading this, know that protecting the land and using it wisely isn’t just good for nature—it’s good business. This bill turns its back on that truth.

2. It Punishes the People Closest to the Land

Farm workers, local food producers, and the people who take care of our natural resources—many of them immigrants or low-income families—are hit hard. The bill cuts access to basic programs like Medicaid and SNAP, adds punitive work requirements, and punishes states that support immigrant populations, even when they’re here legally.

If we want to build thriving conservation communities, we need to support the people doing the work. This bill does the opposite.

3. It Undermines the Courts and Our Ability to Push Back

One of the most dangerous aspects of the bill is that it limits the ability of federal courts to check executive overreach. That might sound procedural, but it’s not. Our courts have been critical to defending public land, clean water, and environmental justice. Without them, the door opens wide for top-down control with little accountability.

4. It Uses Populist Language to Mask Authoritarian Goals

Eliminating taxes on tips. Creating MAGA investment accounts. These might sound like wins for working people, but they’re just shiny distractions. The real impact? Massive tax cuts for the wealthy, reduced funding for social programs, and a deeper divide between those who have and those who don’t.

Authoritarian systems often use feel-good slogans to get people cheering while they quietly consolidate power. That’s what’s happening here.

5. It Undermines Local Resilience and Conservation Entrepreneurship

The heart of my work—whether through The Conservation Company, my writing, or local food and landscape initiatives—is about helping communities build resilience. This bill strips resources from towns, ties the hands of local leaders, and puts decision-making in the hands of a few powerful voices in Washington.

It’s the opposite of what we need.

Final Thoughts: This Isn’t Just Policy—It’s a Test of Our Values

We have a choice. Do we allow this kind of top-down, extractive, and regressive legislation to shape our future? Or do we push back with real solutions rooted in conservation, education, and democratic values?

The so-called Big Beautiful Bill is not beautiful. It’s a warning.

Let’s take it seriously.

—
Ron Dodson
Founder, The Conservation Company
Publisher, The Nature of Things

The Winding Path

Wildlife & Plants

Down the road from where you dwell,

The trees arch high, their branches swell.

Winter’s whispers brush the air,

Bare limbs reach skyward, sparse and bare.

The asphalt curves, a gentle bend,

A ribbon stretched to journey’s end.

The golden light of morning gleams,

Awakening quiet country dreams.

Electric wires trace the skies,

A modern thread where nature lies.

Yet harmony flows through this space,

Where time moves slow, a steady pace.

Each step you take, the earth reveals

The quiet song the season seals.

A road that’s more than just a way,

It holds the stories of the day.

Breathe deep the air, the moment stays,

A fleeting glimpse of fleeting days.

For down this road, as seasons turn,

There’s always something new to learn.

Embracing Nature’s Tapestry: The Shag Bark Hickory

biodiversity, ecosystems, Wildlife & Plants, , ,

In the heart of our forests, a silent guardian stands tall, its unique features weaving tales of history and ecological importance. The Shag Bark Hickory, native to North America, is a remarkable tree that deserves a closer look for its distinctive characteristics and the vital role it plays in our ecosystems. I photographed this one recently on a walk down the road where we live.

A Historical Tapestry

The Shag Bark Hickory, scientifically known as Carya ovata, has been witness to centuries of change. Indigenous communities revered it for its versatile uses, from crafting tools and weapons to utilizing its nutritious nuts as a valuable food source. Early American settlers, too, recognized its significance, incorporating its strong and flexible wood into their daily lives.

The Unique Shaggy Bark

What sets this tree apart is its striking, shaggy bark – long, vertical strips peeling away to reveal a mosaic of grays, browns, and creams. This distinctive feature not only provides the tree with protection from wildfires but also adds a touch of character to the woodland landscape.

Nutrient-Rich Bounty

Come fall, the Shag Bark Hickory generously bestows its bounty upon the forest floor in the form of large, edible nuts. These nuts, prized by both wildlife and humans, contribute to the ecological web by providing sustenance for various species, including squirrels, deer, and birds. The tree’s seeds, encased in a hard shell, ensure the continuation of its lineage.

Ecological Harmony

As a deciduous hardwood tree, the Shag Bark Hickory plays a crucial role in maintaining ecological balance. Its expansive root system prevents soil erosion, while its dense canopy offers shade to understory plants. Furthermore, the shedding of its leaves enriches the soil, fostering a nutrient cycle that sustains life in the forest ecosystem.

Conservation Considerations Despite its resilience, the Shag Bark Hickory faces challenges, including habitat loss and changing climate conditions. Conservation efforts play a vital role in ensuring the continued presence of this majestic tree, reminding us of the interconnectedness of all living beings.

In conclusion, the Shag Bark Hickory stands not just as a tree but as a living testament to the intricate dance of nature. Its historical significance, unique appearance, and ecological contributions make it a symbol of harmony in our forests. Let us celebrate and appreciate Shag Bark Hickory, ensuring that its story continues to be written for generations to come.

Discover the Delightful Little Wood Satyr

biodiversity, ecosystems, Wildlife & Plants, ,

Welcome nature enthusiasts and butterfly lovers! While we try and take as many hikes as we can in local nature preserves, we often find ourselves taking a walk down the road where we live. This was the case a few days ago, and Theresa noticed a small little butterfly sitting on the road. Although we see butterflies while strolling along most nature trails, seeing one sitting in the middle of an asphalt road was worth taking a closer look at. The species that she found was a delicate little beauty. Upon closer examination, we discovered that it was a Little Wood Satyr.

The Little Wood Satyr (Megisto cymela) is a small-sized butterfly species belonging to the family Nymphalidae. With its distinct wing pattern and gentle demeanor, this butterfly is a true gem of the forest.

The Little Wood Satyr boasts a wingspan of approximately 1.5 to 2 inches (4-5 cm), making it a modest-sized butterfly. Its upper wings feature a combination of earthy hues, including shades of brown, tan, and subtle hints of orange. These patterns cleverly camouflage the butterfly among the woodland foliage, providing excellent protection against predators.

The Little Wood Satyr butterfly is primarily found in the eastern regions of North America. Its range spans from southern Canada down to the Gulf Coast states of the United States, including parts of Texas. This species thrives in a variety of habitats, including open woodlands, meadows, and edges of forests.

Like other butterflies, the Little Wood Satyr undergoes a fascinating life cycle consisting of four stages: egg, larva (caterpillar), pupa (chrysalis), and adult butterfly. Females lay their eggs on grass blades or the undersides of leaves. The caterpillars feed on grasses, sedges, and other herbaceous plants, growing in size before pupating and transforming into adult butterflies.

The Little Wood Satyr is known for its slow and graceful flight, rarely venturing far from its preferred habitat. It tends to stay close to the ground, occasionally perching on low foliage or flowers to bask in the sun.

While the Little Wood Satyr butterfly is not currently considered endangered or threatened, it does face challenges due to habitat loss and fragmentation. Conservation efforts play a crucial role in preserving the delicate balance of ecosystems and ensuring the survival of this beautiful species. By protecting its natural habitat and supporting initiatives that promote biodiversity, we can contribute to the continued existence of these delightful creatures.

The Little Wood Satyr butterfly invites us into a realm of natural wonder and beauty. Its graceful flight and subtle charm make it a delight to observe in the wild. By appreciating and learning about these incredible creatures, we deepen our connection to the natural world and inspire future generations to cherish and protect our diverse ecosystems.

So, let us embrace the spirit of exploration, lace up our hiking boots, and venture into the  forests (or walk down your road!) to witness the magical dance of the Little Wood Satyr butterfly firsthand. Happy butterfly spotting!

The Eastern Eyed Click Beetle

Wildlife & Plants

Greetings, nature enthusiasts! This weekend we went to an old-fashioned ice cream social hosted by the Bethlehem Historical Association. While sitting outside the museum enjoying our ice cream, I noticed a large insect flying across the landscape, landing on the back of someone’s shirt who was sitting at the next table. This caused folks to jump and hop for a bit, but when the insect finally made it to the ground, (pictured above) everyone gathered around to see what this strange-looking creature was. Being the nature enthusiast that I am, I had to wander over and investigate. What I saw was an awesome Eastern Eyed Click Beetle. But, instead of simply saying what the insect was, I demonstrated the use of the iNaturalist APP. And what do you know, it was an Eastern Eyed Click Beetle.

The Eastern Eyed Click Beetle, a captivating creature found in various regions of North America, boasts a distinctive and captivating feature—its mesmerizing “eyespots.” Resembling large, luminous eyes on its thorax, these spots evoke curiosity and intrigue.

But there’s more to this remarkable beetle than meets the eye. When threatened or disturbed, it can perform an extraordinary acrobatic feat—propelling itself into the air with an audible click sound. It’s a defense mechanism designed to startle predators and ensure its survival.

While the Eastern Eyed Click Beetle’s life cycle and behaviors remains a bit of a mystery, one thing is certain: this insect is a testament to the wonders of the natural world. So, keep your eyes peeled for this captivating creature and marvel at the secrets it holds. Nature never ceases to amaze us!

The Eastern Eyed Click Beetle (Alaus oculatus) is native to various regions of North America. Its range spans across the eastern United States, including states such as Florida, Georgia, Mississippi, and Texas, as well as parts of Canada. These fascinating beetles can be found in diverse habitats, including forests, woodlands, and grasslands. While their specific distribution may vary within their native range, their captivating presence adds to the rich biodiversity of North America.

Unleashing the Fun of Foraging

Wildlife & Plants
Golden Oyster Mushrooms

Greetings, fellow nature enthusiasts! Today, I want to celebrate the exhilarating experience of mushroom hunting. There’s something truly magical about venturing into the great outdoors, exploring hidden nooks, and stumbling upon these fascinating fungi. Let’s dive into the delightful world of mushroom foraging!

Mushroom hunting is like embarking on a treasure hunt, but instead of gold or jewels, you’re on the lookout for incredible fungal specimens. Armed with a bag of some sort and a keen eye, you embark on an adventure through forests, fields, and even your own backyard.

The thrill of the hunt lies in the unknown. Every step carries the potential to uncover a hidden gem. With each new find, excitement surges through your veins as you come face to face with a myriad of shapes, colors, and sizes. From the elegant and delicate to the whimsical and bizarre, mushrooms never cease to surprise.

As you venture deeper into the realm of mushroom hunting, you’ll discover that it’s not just about the mushrooms themselves but the journey they take you on. It’s an opportunity to connect with nature on a profound level, sharpening your observation skills and immersing yourself in the wonders of the natural world.

But remember, mushroom hunting requires caution and knowledge. Not all mushrooms are safe to eat, and some can be toxic or even deadly. It’s crucial to educate yourself, consult field guides, and learn from experienced foragers or mycologists. Safety should always be a top priority.

Beyond the thrill of discovery, mushroom hunting offers a chance to embrace tranquility and mindfulness. As you wander through the forest, the hustle and bustle of everyday life fade away, replaced by a sense of peace and harmony. Time seems to slow down, allowing you to fully immerse yourself in the beauty of nature.

Dryden’s Saddle Mushrooms

And let’s not forget the joy of culinary exploration. For those interested in edibles, discovering a trove of delectable mushrooms can awaken your inner chef. From sautéing them with butter and herbs to incorporating them into flavorful dishes, the possibilities are endless. But remember, only consume mushrooms that you are absolutely certain are safe for consumption.

So, fellow adventurers, grab your gear, put on your hiking boots, and set out on a mushroom-hunting escapade. Unleash your inner explorer, and let the thrill, wonder, and serenity of mushroom hunting captivate your senses.

Remember, respect nature, learn about the mushrooms you encounter, and enjoy the journey. Happy hunting, my fellow fungi aficionados!

Whitetail Deer

biodiversity, ecosystems, hunting, nature conservation, whitetail deer, Wildlife & Plants

 

We live in the Town of Bethlehem, New York, and our home is approximately 8 miles from downtown Albany, New York, the state capital. However, we live in a rural area surrounded by open fields and woods with just a few neighbors to the west of us.

Over the past few years, we have witnessed a growing herd of whitetail deer in our area. It Is not unusual for us to see 40-50 deer at a time feeding in the field next to our house. While we enjoy watching the deer, it seems to me that the deer population in our area is reaching an unsustainable level.

Whitetail deer are one of the most popular and sought-after game animals in North America. They are known for their elusive nature, graceful movements, and the thrill of the hunt. But whitetail deer are more than just game animals. They are an important part of the ecosystem, playing a critical role in maintaining a healthy balance in the forest.

Biology

Whitetail deer are members of the Cervidae family, which includes elk, moose, and caribou. They are medium-sized mammals, with males (bucks) weighing between 150 to 300 pounds and females (does) weighing between 90 to 200 pounds. Their fur varies from reddish-brown to grayish-brown, with a white belly and white on the throat and under the tail. Whitetail deer are named after their distinctive tail, which is white on the underside and can be raised like a flag when alarmed.

Whitetail deer are herbivores, feeding primarily on leaves, twigs, fruits, and acorns. They have four-chambered stomachs and a complex digestive system that allows them to extract nutrients from tough plant material. Whitetail deer are also known for their keen sense of smell and hearing, which helps them detect predators and avoid danger.

Behavior

Whitetail deer are social animals that live in family groups known as herds. Herds are usually composed of a doe, her offspring, and occasionally a few other females. Bucks are mostly solitary, except during the breeding season, known as the rut. During the rut, bucks compete for the attention of does, engaging in fierce battles and displaying dominance through various behaviors such as antler rattling and grunting.

Whitetail deer are active during the day, primarily in the early morning and late afternoon. They are crepuscular animals, meaning they are most active during twilight periods. Whitetail deer are also known for their ability to jump high and far, with some individuals able to clear fences up to 8 feet tall.

Habitat

Whitetail deer are found throughout North America, from southern Canada to northern South America. They are adaptable animals that can live in various habitats, including forests, grasslands, and swamps. However, they prefer habitats with a mix of forest and open areas, such as meadows and fields.

Whitetail deer are also known for their ability to thrive in suburban and urban areas. They have adapted to living near humans, often using parks and other green spaces as their habitat. However, this has also led to conflicts between deer and humans, such as vehicle collisions and damage to gardens and landscaping.

Conservation

Whitetail deer are an important part of the ecosystem, playing a critical role in maintaining a healthy balance in the forest. They are a food source for predators such as coyotes and mountain lions, and their grazing and browsing behavior helps maintain the health of the forest understory. However, whitetail deer populations can also become overabundant, causing damage to forests and crops.

The management of whitetail deer populations is a complex issue that requires balancing hunting and conservation efforts. Hunting is an important tool for managing deer populations, but it must be done in a sustainable and responsible manner. Conservation efforts such as habitat restoration, predator management, and population surveys can also help ensure the long-term health of whitetail deer populations.

Conclusion

Whitetail deer are a fascinating and important part of the North American ecosystem. They are adaptable animals that can thrive in various habitats, from forests to suburban areas. Their biology and behavior make them popular game animals. Still, they are also an important part of the ecosystem, playing a critical role in maintaining a healthy balance in the forest.

Whitetail deer have a complex social structure, with family groups and bucks competing for the attention of does during the breeding season. Their adaptability and ability to thrive in various habitats have also led to conflicts with humans, particularly in suburban and urban areas.

Conservation efforts such as responsible hunting, habitat restoration, and population surveys are essential for maintaining healthy whitetail deer populations. It is important to remember that while they may be popular game animals, they are also a vital part of the ecosystem and must be managed in a sustainable and responsible manner.

In conclusion, whitetail deer are a fascinating and important part of the North American ecosystem. Understanding their biology, behavior, and habitat is essential for managing their populations in a sustainable and responsible manner. Whether you are a hunter or enjoy observing these graceful animals in the wild, it is important to appreciate their role in maintaining the balance of nature.

The European Starling

Wildlife & Plants

Someone recently posted a few beautiful pictures of a European Starling in our Nature of Things Facebook Group. The post on Facebook reminded me of an article I wrote back in 1995 for the magazine the United States Golf Association published. In the article, I contrasted the human attitude towards starlings to how we seem to feel about “garbage.” The bottom line is that starlings didn’t get to North America by themselves, and all the “garbage” that is filling up our landfills wasn’t created by itself either.

Many exotic and invasive species that we worry about, including the European starling was introduced by people. All of the “garbage” that continues to fill up landfills is also created by people. I guess it is just the nature of things.

Read the 1995 article by clicking The Trash Bird Article